From Visual to Value Perception: The Impact of a New Class of RGBW Display on Mobile Applications
Introduction
The rapid growth of technological advancement in the society has brought people ease in all the things that they do. Part of this technological advancement is the emergence of the innovative activities for each and every organization. Evidence of innovation is spread thinly in the business population, as most profess that innovation brought out excellent performance for the company in terms of profit and resource maximization. Management of innovation is often regarded as the unquestioned cornerstone towards competitiveness in the 21st century. These technological advancements have brought people, especially those in the business world, to utilize a strategy that would be helpful in enhancing the business value of any organization. Furthermore, this development has made changes and development with regards new technologies, notably for this paper the impact of a new class of RGBW display on mobile applications is the main context.
Within the business arena, one of the most important things to consider is to establish a strategy that will be useful for different activities of the organization and enhance the value of the business as a whole. In line with this, more and more organizations are trying to impose and implement different innovative activities that will further make their business more competent and to have a competitive position in the industry. Basically, the creation of a new class of RGBW display on mobile applications creates significant effect to its users. Primarily, the purpose of this paper is to have insightful details about the innovative activities such as the creation of a new class of RGBW display on mobile applications.
The 21st century has become the era of adopting innovation as a premise for doing business. The higher echelon of management in organizations is now driven towards innovative strategies designed to provide a competitive edge in the marketplace. As business gravitates towards a global scale, entrepreneurs find themselves faced with the challenge of producing new and better products at reduced cost and market price. Daft (2003) pointed out that in managing a global environment, managers must be characterized by the ability to bring about change through innovation and creativity. Further according to Daft, a revolutionized manager sees change, rather than stability, as the nature of things (2003). Innovation as a ground for doing business in the 21st century will be the consistent tugging force that the organization must either strive to adopt or suffer the consequences of being left behind by competitors.
Objectives
Ø To introduce the creation of a new class of RGBW display on mobile applications.
Ø To present and analyze the criteria used to access the successfulness of the selected innovations.
Ø To evaluate the effect of the creation of a new class of RGBW display on mobile applications as perceived by mobile phone users.
Research Questions
In order to complete the goals of this particular academic activity as well as to set the objectives of the study, the following research questions will be presented and discussed in the entirety of the research paper focusing on the implications of the creation of a new class of RGBW display on mobile applications.
Method of Research
There are three kinds of research methods, correlational, experimental and descriptive. (Walliman & Baiche, 2001). Walliman & Baiche, (2001) emphasized that the correlation kind of research method is used due to ethical problems with experiments. Moreover, it is used due to practical problems with experiments. Furthermore, inferring causality from correlation is not actually impossible, but very difficult. This mode of study is widely applicable, cheap, and usually ethical. Nonetheless, there exist some “third variable” issues and measurement problems. The correlation research refers to studies in which the purpose is to discover relationships between variables through the use of correlational statistics (r). The square of a correlation coefficient yields the explained variance (r-squared). A correlation relationship between two variables is occasionally the result of an outside source, so we have to be careful and remember that correlation does not necessarily tell us about cause and effect. If a strong relationship is found between two variables, using an experimental approach can test causality.
On the other hand, the descriptive research method uses observation and surveys. In this method, it is possible that the study would be cheap and quick. It could also suggest unanticipated hypotheses. Nonetheless, it would be very hard to rule out alternative explanations and especially infer causations. Thus, this study used the descriptive approach. This descriptive type of research utilized observations in the study. To illustrate the descriptive type of research, Creswell (1994) guided the researcher when he stated: Descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition. The purpose of employing this method is to describe the nature of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the cause/s of particular phenomena. The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire of the researcher to obtain first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study.
The research described in this document is based fundamentally on qualitative and quantities research methods. This permits a flexible and iterative approach. During data gathering the choice and design of methods are constantly modified, based on ongoing analysis. This allows investigation of important new issues and questions as they arise, and allows the investigators to drop unproductive areas of research from the original research plan.
Qualitative models are more able than traditional models to express states of incomplete knowledge about continuous mechanisms (Benjamin, 1994). Qualitative simulation guarantees to find all possible behaviors consistent with the knowledge in the model. This expressive power and coverage are important in problem solving for diagnosis, design, monitoring, and explanation.
Qualitative evaluation data usually refers to raw, descriptive information about: programs/products and the people who participate in/use them or are affected by them and; programs/products and the people who develop or use them (Paton, 1987). Three data gathering strategies typically characterize qualitative methodology: in-depth, open-ended interviews; direct observation; and written documents (including program records, personal diaries, logs, etc.).
Paton (1987) illustrated the three data gathering strategies of qualitative data as: data from interviews, observations and document reviews are organized into major themes, categories, and case examples. The most common strategy for analyzing qualitative data is constant-comparison, but there are many other techniques from which to choose.
There are a variety of ways to report the results of qualitative research/evaluation; common among them is the sense of story – which includes: attention to detail, descriptive vocabulary, direct quotes from those observed or interviewed, and thematic organization.
As indicated in the website: http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/, William Thochim emphasized that qualitative methods permit the evaluator to study selected issues, cases, or events in depth and detail. Data collection is not constrained by predetermined categories of analysis, allowing for a level of depth and detail that quantitative strategies can’t provide.
William Thochim added that qualitative methods are particularly well-suited to exploration, discovery and inductive logic. An evaluation approach is inductive to the extent that the evaluator attempts to make sense of the situation without imposing pre-existing expectations on the setting. Inductive designs begin with specific observations and build toward general patterns.
Fieldwork is the central activity of qualitative data gathering. To be in the field means to have direct, personal contact with people in their own environments. It is the researcher’s desire to contextualize program or product implementation that allows him/her to capture important “results” (effects, outcomes) that standardized measures cannot.
Quantitative approaches allow for large-scale measurement of ideas, beliefs, and attitudes. But generally, the set of questions is limited — facilitating comparison and statistical aggregation of the data. This allows for development of a generalizable set of findings. By contrast, qualitative methods typically produce a wealth of detailed data about a defined number of people and cases – data that need not fit into predetermined response choices that characterize most surveys, questionnaires, or tests.
The main advantages of quantitative research include its objectivity. Unlike many qualitative researchers, quantitative researchers try to keep a ‘distance’ from their subjects. They use subjects unknown to them and they make no attempt to get to know their subjects other than to collect the required data from them.
Quantitative research methods, if explained in detail are generally very easy to replicate and hence have a high reliability. The results of quantitative research tend to be very simple in that they are generally reduced to a few numerical statistics and interpreted in a few short statements.
A mix of qualitative and quantitative data gathering enriches evaluation; the open-ended comments provide a way to elaborate and contextualize statistical “facts.”
This research seeks to investigate the impact of a new class of RGBW display on mobile applications. This study illustrated the growth of new class of RGBW display on mobile applications basically it is more about the visual to value perceptions.
The primary source of data came from a survey questionnaire and interviews that is conducted by the researcher. A survey questionnaire will be given to number of respondents that are using mobile phones with new RGBW displays. Apparently, the secondary sources of data will come from published articles in business and information technology journals, articles, and books relating to the use of RGBW displays in mobile phones. This served as the basis of the researchers’ assumptions and comparative data on the result of the survey and the interviews.
As stated, the researcher will gather data, collate published studies from different local and foreign universities and articles from social science journals; and make a content analysis of the collected documentary and verbal material. Afterwards, the researcher summarized all the information, make a conclusion based on the null hypotheses posited and provide insightful recommendations.
Sample Journals
For this research, published journals concerning the use of quantitative and qualitative tools are evaluated. In this part, two studies are considered, a well designed study and a poorly designed study from the journal articles.
For well-designed study, the paper of Wang & Higgins entitled “Limitations of Mobile Phone Learning” was considered.[1] Basically, the paper of Wang & Higgins uses the combination of survey research and content analysis. As seen in their paper, the survey approach created several advantages on their study. Survey reveals what is typical, average or normal against which the behaviour or performance of an individual can judged or evaluated. For instance, their paper surveyed 32 university students. Respondents were mainly 3rd and 4th year students, plus graduate students (n=32: 18 females 14 males, with an average age of 21.3 years) in their university. With regards to their content analysis effort in which they deals documentary materials that are already existing and available, it shows some expressiveness. As compared to other research paper, the study of Wang & Higgins shows objectiveness. There are no bias involved in the selection and classification of content they analyzed particularly in their sampling design and in the interpretation of results. All items and aspects in the content are included and placed under appropriate categories. The strength of their paper is its systematic presentation and its quantitative approach. Quantitative approaches are easy to interpret.
On the other hand, the paper of Malaya Kumar Nayak and Poonphon Suesaowaluk entitled “Advantages and Disadvantages of eLearning Management System” shows a poorly designed study.[2] Similar to the paper of Wang & Higgins in which they are using both survey research and content analysis, however the paper of Nayak and Suesaowaluk shows irregularities in their objectives. The paper didn’t show the context of the advantages and disadvantages of eLearning Management System. They just discuss information about e-learning and survey some respondents but they didn’t focus their discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of eLearning Management System. Aside from this, the respondents’ reliability is not considered. There is no validation of subjects conducted. Logically, the researcher should initially submit a sample of the set of survey questionnaires and after approval; the survey should be conducted to some number of respondents. After the questions are answered, the researcher should ask the respondents for any suggestions or any necessary corrections to ensure further improvement and validity of the instrument. After that, the researcher should again examine the content of the interview questions to find out the reliability of the instrument. And finally, the researchers should exclude irrelevant questions and changed words that would be deemed difficult by the respondents, to much simpler terms. This is not shown in their paper.
Validity and Evaluation
For this consideration, this research, the researcher will exclude the five respondents who initially used for the validation of the instrument. The researcher will tally, score and tabulate all the responses in the provided interview questions. Moreover, the interview to be used is a structured interview. It is consisted of a list of specific questions and the interviewer does not deviate from the list or inject any extra remarks into the interview process. The interviewer may encourage the interviewee to clarify vague statements or to further elaborate on brief comments. Otherwise, the interviewer attempts to be objective and tries not to influence the interviewer’s statements. The interviewer does not share his/her own beliefs and opinions. The structured interview is mostly a “question and answer” session.
To evaluate the information to be gathered, the following analysis instruments will be used: percentage analysis, mean and median analysis, chi-square, and SPSS for statistical analysis of information gathered from the questionnaire survey; and analysis of variance to determine and investigate the impact of a new class of RGBW display on mobile applications.
Sources:
Benjamin K. (1994) Qualitative Reasoning: Modeling and Simulation with Incomplete Knowledge. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Creswell, J.W. (1994) Research design. Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
Daft, R. (2003). Management. 6th Ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: Thomson South-Western.
Patton, M. Q. (1987). How to use qualitative methods in evaluation. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Walliman, N. & B. Baiche. (2001) Your research project. SAGE Publications.
[1] Available online at http://www.jaltcall.org/journal/articles/2_1_Wang.pdf
[2] Available online at http://www.ijcim.th.org/v15nSP3/P22eLearningAP_AdvantagesAndDisadvantages.pdf
Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com
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