Research Topics: Royal Dutch Shell SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis for Royal Dutch Shell (1999-2003)

SWOT Analysis for Royal Dutch Shell (1999-2003)               Simply known as Shell, Royal Dutch Shell, which was headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands, is a multinational oil company engaged in oil and gas exploration and production as well as transportation and marketing of natural gas and electricity and marketing and shipping of oil products and chemicals. Shell also has interests in renewable resources of energy such as wind and solar and hydrogen. With its extensive operation in over 140 countries, Shell now employs more than 300, 000 people. In the fiscal year ended December 2006, the company had reported revenue of 8, 845 with 3.9% increase from that of 2005. During the fiscal year 2006, Shell incurred , 777 million of operating profit and , 311 net profit, a 0.3% and 0.2% increase over the previous year, respectively. The SWOT analysis of the company is as follows:   STRENGTHS §         Strong brand equity §         Long standing and financially sound firm §         Extensive resources   With a trademark that is globally recognized, Shell is the fourth largest company in the world and the second largest private sector energy corporation. The company has also several branches and sub-offices worldwide apart from its oil refineries and subsidiary companies, making possible the penetration of Asian, African and North American Markets. The image that the company had established over the decades is of integrity and honesty which was perceived to be the key in accumulating the large customer base. Apart from its long range of products consisting of oils, lubricants, diesel fuel, jet fuel, petroleum-based products and oil refinery heavy equipments, the company has also ventured into a large network and supply-based transportation of oil products in different destinations.    WEAKNESSES <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Operating in unstable environment</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Negative perceptions regarding operation</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Tendency of committing unethical environmental practices </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Prices</li> </ul>   The dramatic shift to renewable sources of energy has been one of the main challenges, and this hurts the company since the core business of making and manufacturing oil-based or –related products is increasingly becoming inefficient and ineffective. Provided that Shell acquire the majority of its products from the Middle East, there are several international disputes, ethics and labor dilemmas and negative activities in that region that affecting the Shell brand. For instance, proper waste disposal in oil refineries is a persistent issue that Shell struggles on. Cross-border delivery of products usually adds up to the total cost of diesel, gasoline, fuel and oil as well.   OPPORTUNITIES <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Re-establishment of image</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Make amends with people affected by operation</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Creating parties which will be held accountable for unethical practices</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Establish partnership with local stakeholders</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Extensive research and development</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Explore new fields</li> </ul>   Creating a new dependable, ethical culture is daunting for Shell. The least that the company could do is to conduct an ongoing dialogue with local stakeholders who are otherwise are affected by business practices of the company. In addition, Shell must venture into the development, research and promotion of renewable energy sources. The company should conduct studies and researches about the techniques, materials and policies that would contribute in decreasing the company’s reliance on oil that is very harmful to the environment and human health. The company should also increases its demand on nuclear, solar and hydroelectric as sources of power. The exploration of potential oil fields in order to ease the dependence on Middle East oil could be another opportunity that Shell could exploit.   THREATS <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="square"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Continued opposition from local nationals who are affected by operations</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Continued discrediting of operations</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Continued negative images and publicity </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> New oil players</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Lobby groups</li> </ul>   Biennially, new oil players emerge within the global oil industry, and they can quickly adjust to the market demands and requirements. Further, these companies are equipped with new technologies and materials in their products and are somehow less affected by state legislations and regulations which govern the use of oil and petroleum products. Lobby groups are another threat to Shell wherein local and international legislations are being influenced in order to make law and statutes stricter, and in a way that it will uphold the ecological and environmental protection. Publicity and press releases are among the many avenues that lobbyists and special interest groups are using in order to convey the message while thereby damaging the reputation of the company.                 References Financial Analysis  – Royal Dutch Shell. Report. Research and Markets. Retrieved on www.researcghandmarkets.com/reports/353424/.    The Top Ten Oil and Gas Companies. Industry Report. Gravitie Limited.       Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

SWOT Analysis for Royal Dutch Shell (1999-2003)

SWOT Analysis for Royal Dutch Shell (1999-2003) Simply known as Shell, Royal Dutch Shell, which was headquartered in The ...

Analysis of the Royal Dutch Shell Group

This is an analysis of the Royal Dutch Shell Group (RDSG for brevity, or subject company, used interchangeably in this paper). The analysis will focus on the internal and external environmental factor that affect or has an impact to the subject company. The analysis that will be used by the company is the PESTLE analysis. This framework analysis will establish a more detailed examination on the possible impacts of the factors that have been affecting the conduct of the business of the subject company. The difference of this analysis with the first is that the former is more in general but the latter is more specific as to the criteria of the factors that affect the subject company. In addition, this paper will first provide a brief background as to the RDSG in order to give the readers information as to the way the company has been conducting its business. A conclusion will end this paper, taking into consideration the key points discussed.   ROYAL DUTCH SHELL GROUP RDSG is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies, with 104, 000 employees in more than 110 countries. It is considered as the second largest private sector energy sector corporation in the world and one of six “super majors”. The company’s headquarters are in The Hague, Netherlands.  The subject company plays a key role in helping meet the world’s growing demand for energy in economically, environmentally and socially responsible ways. Forbes Global 2000 in 2007 ranked the subject company as one of the eight largest companies in the world. In 2007, Fortune magazine ranked the subject company as the third-largest corporation in the world. The subject company’s strategy and priorities for the future are “more upstream and profitable downstream”. The subject company gives focus on the delivery and growth, leveraging it a strong portfolio. Last March 2008 the subject said that in the investing in new heartlands for the company, it has been rejuvenating its portfolio for a world of higher and more volatile commodity prices, increased competition, and higher costs. According to Hovers (2008), Royal Dutch Shell (formerly known as Royal Dutch or Shell Group) is an oil and gas company. The company has worldwide proved of reserves of 11.9 billion barrels of oil equivalent. The company’s oil giant’s crude are produced in Nigeria, Oman, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The company also produces refined products, and chemicals; transports natural gas; trades gas and electricity; develops renewable energy resources. It operates 46,000 gas stations, which is considered as the world’s largest fuel retail network. The subject company did not just put matters on the hand of time, but it also make it a point that it plans ahead the future to provide a more comprehensive conduct for the business to flourish. The company will not suffer incase any inevitable circumstance will happen because the company has made some contingency plans in order to enable the company to progress and counter any downfall.   PESTLE This section will use the PESTLE Analysis. According to RapidBi (2008), pestle stands for political, economic, social, technology, and environmental factors. These factors are beyond the control and influence of a business, however, it is important to be ware of when doing product development, business, or strategy planning. The potential impact column in the table will provide for a certain grade in order to give the readers a good illustration. The column for the implication and importance will be evaluated as to its positive or negative impact; as to whether the impact will be increasing or not; and also to determine the importance of such impact to the subject company. After the presentation of the table, the writer will provide an explanation. PESTLE Analysis Factors Notes Potential Impact Implication and Importance     H – High M – Medium L – Low U – Undetermined   Type: Positive + Negative - Impact: Increasing >  Unchanged = Decreasing Relative Importance: Critical Important (ci) Unimportant (ui) Unknown (u)   POLITICAL 1)     Wars and conflict 2)     Government Policies 3)     Terrorism 4)     Governmental leadership 5)     Government Structures 6)     Political Trends Any action of the government of any country or state will be considered as to have a high impact to the subject company. 1)     H 2)     H 3)     H 4)     H 5)     H 6)     H       1)     – 2)     + 3)     – 4)     + 5)     + 6)     –   1)     2)     >  3)     >  4)     >  5)     >  6)     >  1)     ci 2)     ci 3)     ci 4)     ci 5)     ci 6)     ci ECONOMIC 1)     Home economy trends 2)     General taxation issues 3)     Market and Trade Cycles 4)     International Trade and monetary issues 5)     Job growth/unemployment 6)     Interest and Exchange rate 7)     Internal Finance 8)     Internal cash flow The economic factor also has an overall high impact in the conduct of the business of the subject company because the stability of the economy of a state will determine how the consumers will be able to consume energy products. 1)     H 2)     H 3)     M 4)     H 5)     H 6)     H 7)     M 8)     H     1)     + 2)     – 3)     + 4)     + 5)     – 6)     – 7)     + 8)     +   1)     >  2)     3)     >  4)     >  5)     >  6)     >  7)     >  8)     >  1)     Ci 2)     Ci 3)     Ci 4)     Ci 5)     Ci 6)     Ci 7)     Ci 8)     Ci   SOCIAL 1)     Consumer buying patterns 2)     Ethnic/religious factors 3)     Advertising and Publicity 4)     Health 5)     Living Standards 6)     Occupations 7)     Fads 8)     Trends 9)     Consumer attitudes and opinions 10) Media views 11) Brand company and technology image 12) Earning Capacity 13) Staff Attitudes 14) Management Style 15) Organizational Culture   The social factor has medium impact because it is perceived by the author that the drive of the consumers to acquire the products of the subject company because emotions or social factors has nothing to do with this kind of need of the consumers. 1)     H 2)     H 3)     L 4)     M 5)     H 6)     H 7)     M 8)     M 9)     H 10) H 11) H 12) H 13) H 14) H 15) H     1)     + 2)     – 3)     + 4)     + 5)     + 6)     + 7)     + 8)     + 9)     – 10) + 11) + 12) + 13) + 14) + 15) + 1)     >  2)     3)     4)     5)     6)     7)     = 8)     = 9)     >  10) >  11) >  12) >  13) >  14) >  15) >  1)     ci 2)     ci 3)     ci 4)     ci 5)     ci 6)     ci 7)     ui 8)     ui 9)     ci 10) ci 11) ci 12) ci 13) ci 14) ci 15) ci TECHNOLOGICAL 1)     Research Funding 2)     Maturity of Technology 3)     Information and communications 4)     Intellectual property issues 5)     Internet 6)     Transportation 7)     Software Changes The technological aspect is important to the subject company because the changes of technology will determine on how the company will be able to progress its business conduct. 1)     H 2)     H 3)     H 4)     L 5)     H 6)     H 7)     H   1)     + 2)     + 3)     + 4)     + 5)     + 6)     + 7)     +   1)     >  2)     >  3)     >  4)     >  5)     >  6)     >  7)     >  1)     u 2)     ci 3)     ci 4)     ci 5)     ci 6)     ci 7)     ci               The political factor has a high impact to the subject company because the state to which one of the branches of it is situated will be the determination as to whether the company will be able to survive the feats of the politics within. The company must be able to conduct in the manner that it must also correspond to the laws of such state and must deviate to any norms.             The second factor is the economy. The economy of a state will determine the stability of the success of the company. The economy will be the factor that will matter as to whether the subject company will be able to attract investors or stockholders. In addition, the security of the economy will also determine as to whether the economy will be able to attract consumers. As the technology will progress, the law must not in any way hinder its development however, the development must be related to the protection of the environment. Hence, the subject company will be able to succeed if the whole company will act in cooperation of the state to where it is situated.             The factor that has least impact to the company is the social factor. This is considered as to have the low impact because the use of energy products by the consumers is not determined on any influence coming from the society but from the way, it needs the energy products. CONCLUSION             The writer therefore concluded that the internal and external factor that may have an impact to the subject company is determined by the way the company will be able to battle it all out in the process. The company however has been progressive in the way it conduct its business because it has a program of innovation to make its end meet the ends.   RAPIDBI, (2007), PEST/PESTLE Analysis Tool and Template, retrieved at 18 September 2008. Royal Dutch Shell Group, viewed 18 September 2008, .     Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Analysis of the Royal Dutch Shell Group

This is an analysis of the Royal Dutch Shell Group (RDSG for brevity, or subject company, used interchangeably in this paper). The analysis ...

Organizational Behavior

This paper will discuss the summarative learning that encompasses the topic of organizational behavior. It will tackle a real organizational behavior problem and how important rules, concepts and theories will be applied to correct the problems of an specific organization chosen by the student. This paper will also try to provide solutions and other remedies that can be initiated by the company or business organization chosen by the student. Lastly this paper will formulate a reliable SWOT analysis of the chosen company.   I. INTRODUCTION             The chosen company and business organization for this task is the Royal Dutch Shell Company. The Royal Dutch Shell Company is a British-Dutch company that provides oil, natural gas and petroleum products in the world. This company is one of the largest companies around the world that maintains and supplies the world with its fuel and oil. Royal Dutch Shell Company also has significant investments in the petrochemicals business while developing its renewable energy sector.             Royal Dutch Shell Company or simply Shell as it was called by every person around the globe, earns  a revenue of about 8 billion in 2004 making it the fourth largest  corporation around the globe while its profits soared to about .18 billion makes it the second largest profitable business in terms of gross profits (2005). Shell is a global corporation that has 140 branches in different parts of the world and its products and gas stations can be located in every street and avenues of major cities and urban centers (2005). Its products range from industry oils to petroleum products to fuel lubricants. The company has also started explorations with the particular aim of looking for new oil reserves in regions such as the North Sea, South America and Siberia (2005). The company has also significantly invested in the fuel and oil distribution business with its gas stations and oil refineries in many parts of the country.             Although this company is enjoying healthy profits and huge return investments in its line of business, it has experienced a major slump in its profits and supply. The company is now currently facing formidable challenges and outside factors that hinders its development and progress. Royal Dutch Shell Company has been largely overtaken by other oil and petroleum companies like Exxon Mobil which is based in the United States because these pressing issues have not been properly addressed.   II. FINDINGS             There are three identifiable problems and issues inside the company that can be clearly highlighted and must be solved to give the company its competitive advantage when compared to other companies. The first problem is the shorter employment time that is contributed by the employees to the company. To further clarify the problem, this certain issue refers to the employment time of employees that are working for the company. In recent years namely 2000 to 2005 there was a sharp increase of employees that were leaving the company in favor of other employment positions in other oil and petroleum companies that are competitors of Shell. Although this phenomenon does not encompass the whole global operations of the company, there is still a negative impact on the performance of this business organization since these events happens in costumer rich regions such as Asia, India and the Middle East (2004). The company is also at a disadvantages because these shifting of employees will result in lower performance and operation due to the skills and technical knowledge that will be lost if certain employees leave the company. The company is also encumbered since it will need to train new personnel for job positions that are highly technical while its past employees are trained and schooled through company resources. This effort of training new personnel will cost funds and resources and will burden the company since important positions and post will not be filled or will be incompetently manned while these new employees are trained. The movement of employees is also disadvantageous to the company because its previous employees are hired by other competitors such as Exxon Mobil, Petronas, PetroChina and other local oil companies (2004). These employees while going to these companies will therefore bring with them the training, knowledge and expertise that they got from Shell company.             Another major problem that is being faced by the company is its eroding supply base in the Middle East and other oil producing regions due to the ongoing friction between the United Kingdom and oil producing countries in the Middle East such as Iran with regards to topics such as the war on terror, the occupation of Iraq and the on going negotiations on the nuclear ambitions of Iran. Since Shell Company is partly British owned, these contemporary issues and news can directly affect the supply and logistical train of the company. Due to the support given by the British government to the United States with regards to the occupation of Iraq and the war on terror, the company has been losing the influence and prestige when it is viewed by Arabian and Middle East producing companies (2005). This animosity against the corporation stem from the fact that it is a British company in the eyes of an Arabian or Iranian. This company has also supplied fuel, oil and other petroleum based products to the occupying forces in Iraq and Afghanistan which are wholly composed of the British and American Armed forces (2005). Because of perceived biases of the company when viewed thru an Islamist point of view, the company can suffer from higher oil prices when it purchases its oil and petroleum based oil products from Saudi Arabia, Iran and other members of the OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) (2005). The company can also experience lower supply ratio that will be allocated because of its bias and prejudice on the mentioned on going issues.              The last problem that is plaguing the company is its eroding consumer market. This condition can be attributed to different and myriad causes. First the company is losing its long earned consumer market due to heightened competition and rivalry with other petroleum producers (2000). These long earned costumers are attracted to other oil companies because of lower prices and better management and technical assistance to new costumers (2000). Another reason for the lost of its consumer base is the heightened awareness of other sources of energy and resources ( 2001). Companies and corporations have been established to take advantage of the public awareness of the ecological and environmental impact of using fossil fuels and petroleum based products. The public and the oil and petroleum consuming market have been shifting to renewable sources of energy such as solar power, hydroelectric power and wind power in producing their energy ( 2001). Because of technology, other forms of energy creation have been tapped and are currently being integrated in different countries around the world. A prime example of this step is the integration of nuclear energy creation in the power sector of the United States while there has also been a criticism and condemnation that oil by-products produces and emits harmful substances that can destroy the ozone layer and damage the health of the people ( 2001). Due to this perspective, more and more people and organization have been advocating the phase out and eradication of oil and petroleum products, products that have been Shell’s prime merchandise.             To remedy these pressing problems, certain issues and concerns must be addressed. Certain techniques and steps must be taken by a corporation like Shell in answering these problems. The resolution of these problems would not only help the company but would also uplift the profit and costumer base of the Royal Dutch Shell Company. The first problem to be addressed in this part of the paper is the short employment time being contributed by Shell employees wherein they leave their old positions and accept jobs and employment from other companies in the same industry. The research questions that can be asked are: why are these employees leaving the company? What are the reasons why they chose to continue their professional career at other companies except Shell? What are the factors that make them leave the company and are these factors inherent in the workplace? Can these factors be reversed in order to halt the movement of employees? What are the vital policies and managerial decision that can be implemented to stop this negative event? Does the company have enough resources and manpower to provide the solutions of this problem if the root cause is identified?             With regards to the second issue discussed above the main research questions that can be asked are: what are the necessary steps to remedy this negative publicity and perception? Can the company handle high prices being tagged on the raw products that it is buying in the Middle East? Can the company find other suppliers and organizations that would sell its oil for a lower price? Is it possible to minimize or diminish the dependence of the company on oil that is coming from the Middle East? Is there a sufficient resources and manpower to initiate a campaign to combat the bad image of the company in the view of Arabian oil executives? In relation to the third problem which is the erosion of the company’s costumer base, the research questions that can be helpful to the company are: what are the primary reasons why costumers are leaving in favor or other companies? Can the company identify the factors that are in Shell that does not interest a customer? Is there a structure or configuration on the composition of the costumers? Can the company formulate a specific plan that would retain the loyal costumers of the company and attract previous clients and buyers? Is the necessary manpower, resources and technical expertise of this plan supported by the financial base of the company? Can the company invest in non oil/petroleum products to appease environmental groups? How can the company begin a campaign that would project the company as an environment friendly company? Are there enough resources and financial capabilities to start this campaign?   SWOT ANALYSIS of the Royal Dutch Shell Company   STRENGTHS: ·         Royal Dutch Shell Company is the fourth largest company in the whole world. Its trademark is universally recognized around the globe. The company also has different branches, sub offices, oil refineries and subsidiary companies in areas such as Asia, Africa and North America. Since its inception in 1890, it has accumulated a large and wide customer base with an ideal image of integrity and honesty. ·         The company markets a whole range of products that ranges from oils, lubricants, diesel fuel, jet fuel, petroleum based products and oil refinery heavy equipments. ·         The company has a large network of organized and methodological supply base making the transportation and moving of its products from oil producing countries to the market faster and efficient. WEAKNESSES: ·         In looking at the company, the whole corporation is still particularly geared towards making and manufacturing products that are based on oil. This step is not only inefficient from an ecological point of view but is also ineffective since the world is not shifting to renewable sources of energy. ·         The company gets the majority of its oil from the Middle East and international disputes, difficulties and negatives activities in that region would tend to increase the prices of oil. OPPURTIONITIES: ·         The company can commence or lead other oil companies in exploring other potential oil fields to ease its dependence on Middle East oil. A potential exploration area are the Siberian region in Northern Russia and the Russian island of Sakhalin in the Pacific. Another potential oil field that must be fully developed is in Nigeria. ·          The company must also venture on developing, researching and promoting renewable sources of energy. It must conduct studies and research with regards to techniques, materials and policies that would decrease the company’s reliance on oil while increasing its need on nuclear, solar and hydroelectric sources of power. THREATS: ·         The primary threat against Shell Company is the new oil players that are being established today in the oil industry. Because these companies are new, they can quickly adapt to market demands and needs. Since they incorporate new technologies and materials in their products, they are less likely to be affected with government legislations and regulations governing the use of oil and petroleum products. ·         Another threat are lobby groups and special interest groups that try to influence government legislations with regards to strict implementation of laws and statures that would protect the ecology and the environment. These groups are considered as threats because thru publicity and press releases, they can cast a bad light on the reputation of the company. III. CONCLUSIONS:             In this paper we have argued and identified the different problems that are being faced by a specific company and how these problems can be remedied and answered.  These problems are the erosion of the company’s consumer and supply base and the phenomenon of shorter employment time of employees. Inherent in these main issues are problems related to negative publicity due to perceived bias, stringent government policies, influential lobby groups and the technological advancement towards other sources of energy. Proper human resources and allocation of financial assets are the main keys in solving these problems. Various factors and ideas in the workplace must be injected to drive and to motivate employees to work and to efficiently stay in the company. Good working conditions, incentives, rewards and promise of advancement are some types of motivational programs that can be used to solve these problems. Proper and suitable leadership qualities must also be possessed by specific employees and managers like intelligence, general charisma, social skills and confidence.             IV. RECCOMENDATION: To effectively combat these challenges, a proper plan of action must be implemented by the company that would help address the specific problems mentioned. To prevent employees from leaving the company, a necessary study on the factors that pushes them to leave the company must be established. Factors must be identified to be able prevent this phenomenon. While the company is highlighting the reasons why employees leave the company, Shell must also implement programs that would motivate its present employees to achieve efficiency while making them happy and contented in their work to prevent short employment. Motivation must be instilled on the minds of the employees. Incentives and other programs must be started while a workable employee motivation program must be properly laid out.  Motivating factors such as greater benefits, higher wages, faster advancement, good working conditions and effective rewards and punishment guidelines can be used to be able to elicit a quality of work that is acceptable. These steps towards motivating the employee can also boost the job performance of an employee and the whole company as a whole. To combat the negative publicity that is being shed against Shell in the Middle East countries and the loss of the preferential treatment previously offered by Middle East countries to the company, an appropriate campaign must be launched to erase this negative perception about the company. This publicity campaign will not only be geared towards Islamic oil producing countries but will also focus on other Islamic countries. Reconciliatory talks and discussions must be established with the members of the OPEC in relation to the current prices of oil and petroleum based products. To further reinforce these steps, the company must assign area/regional managers in these countries who have a significant understanding and immersion in the local Islamic culture and thinking to reduce the probability of misunderstanding and miscommunication that would add another injury to the present situation. The manager must also have leadership qualities and characteristics to inspire his/her subordinates to respect Arabic customs and traditions. He must exude motivation, self confidence and necessary skills that are suitable for the job at hand. Lastly, the company must set up two programs so that it can remedy the last problem mentioned in this paper. First, to capture the new market, it must redefine its products to comply with strict government and environmental standards. The process of using, mining and manufacturing its products must be free from any pollution and contamination. These vital steps will not only please a government and a lobby group but would also earn the sympathy and recognition by the public. The company must also take steps in reengineering its internal structure to accommodate renewable sources of energy. It must train personnel and employees so that they would be ready to research, experiment and to test various sources of energy that is being developed by the oil industry.                   Credit:ivythesis.typepad.com

Organizational Behavior

This paper will discuss the summarative learning that encompasses the topic of organizational behavior. It will tackle a real ...

Organizational Behavior

Organizational Behavior

This paper will discuss the summarative learning that encompasses the topic of organizational behavior. It will tackle a real ...