Introduction
This research proposal implies on teenage pregnancy and its effect on academic progression. There will be association between teenage pregnancy and academic progression places evidence that education should put weight on reality adhering to teenage pregnancy. Understanding teenage pregnancy within UK context is adamant to the purpose of study. Thus, the expectation that teenage pregnancy will be reduced by proper academic programs, school based prevention ways towards teenage pregnancy. The need to find out basis if such teenage pregnancy has positive effect on academic progression, meaning towards a positive behavior of teenagers while having their academic life. Another would be negative effect of teenage pregnancy on academic progression. Indeed, research on the decision to continue or terminate teenage pregnancy is sparse. Research study will seek to address certain gap in research literature through analyzing the educational dimensions of decision to continue teenage pregnancy by means of using data collection in case study survey approach. Research will review qualitative methodology, its strengths, application, and potential weaknesses. Presence of comprehensive range of qualitative techniques are to be reviewed, issues will be highlighted for framing the area of investigation, the epistemological issues of causality, induction, case selection, as well level of explanation regarding teenage pregnancy and academic progress.
Research questions
Research questions are essential part of the research process, as this will imply a solid connection towards secondary knowledge composed of peer reviewed studies such as from academic centered journals and articles, also from documented information and facts from books having contents about leadership and change. The research questions serve as the initial organization flow of the study’s review of the literature which leads to the creation of research methods and techniques and the questions were the following:
What is teenage pregnancy? How does teenage pregnancy affect academic lifestyle of teenagers? How teenage pregnancy be prevented given the fact that education plays a crucial factor for disseminating imperative information? Explain
What is meant by academic progression? How does it relate to teenage pregnancy?
What are positive effects of teenage pregnancy on academic progression of college students? Provide cases/ examples
What are negative effects of teenage pregnancy on academic progression of college students? Provide cases/ examples
What are several options to prevent teenage pregnancy? (School based prevention, approaches are to be applied)
How education and resolution is being realized in accordance to teenage pregnancy? Cite literature support base
Aims and objectives
Research aims to recognize teenage pregnancy among college students particularly first year and second year college students in the UK and be able to find out positive and negative effects of teenage pregnancy towards academic progression, academic life of teenagers. Literature studies of teenage pregnancy and its outcomes will be reviewed; state of current knowledge will be assessed. The effectiveness of academic oriented programs for pregnant teenagers is to be examined accordingly. The research will be aiming to explore the timing of pregnancy in relation to leaving or finishing college. The main objective will be the examination of academic factors and decision to terminate or continue teenage pregnancy while undergoing college education. Thus, complete level, school marks and subject preference are included as it may discriminate those who continued and those who terminated the truth of pregnancies. The need to find out if teenagers who have strong attachment to school will be more likely to terminate than continue pregnancy, particularly for college students in rural and regional UK.
Methodology (qualitative)
The application of case study analysis, case study survey approach using college students (first year and second year female students) serving as research participants, within the criteria that they are pregnant and are continuing their pregnancies from the time of this research administration and they comprise of ages 18 to 22 years old. The participants will come from institutions/ universities located in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, case study approach will determine effects in relationship between teenage pregnancy and educational/ academic progression of 50 college students, pregnant teenagers may have lower rates of participation in tertiary education and training than their nonpregnant peers. Subsequent analyses showed that the links between teenage pregnancy and educational participation can be noncausal and reflected the earlier academic ability, behavior, family circumstances of college students who became pregnant. In contrast, antecedent child and family factors only partially explained associations between teenage pregnancy and academic school participation and achievement (Fergusson and Woodward, 2000). Research findings may suggest that rates of teenage pregnancy might be elevated among teenagers who leave school early, rather than rates of early school leaving being elevated among teenagers who become pregnant during their teenage years. Qualitative method is designed to help researchers understand people, social and cultural contexts as Kaplan and Maxwell (1994) argue that the goal of understanding phenomenon from viewpoints of participants and its particular social and institutional context is lost when textual date are to be quantified. The need to examine case analysis and case analysis method, research implies to qualitative methods such as open-ended questions, to request respondents to rank their views as one measure in research (Marshall and Rossman, 1999) toward statements ranging from 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neutral, 4 = agree and 5 = strongly agree. Data will be collected and analyzed through using qualitative techniques such as pointing towards document analysis, interviews and questionnaire survey. The primary data is to be collected from the respondents in case situations, secondary data is to comprise of reference concerning research subject. The using of existing information on such levels into the study to be realized upon.
Conclusion
Teenage pregnancy is considered a documented problem with approximately 890,000 teenage pregnancies (Hoyt and Broom, 2002) although teen pregnancy rates have declined rates remain higher than the middle of 1970s and are fourfold such as those of European countries like UK. Substantial morbidity and social problems result from these pregnancies, affecting the mother,her children, other family members, and society. Multiple educational approaches have been used, with few demonstrating significant reductions in teen pregnancy. School-based programs have beendiverse and multifaceted. Recently, programs with comprehensiveapproach have shown potential for success. For this research,characteristics and elements of school based programswill be identified and discussed. Literature studies may indicate that certain incidence of teenage pregnancy are quite high and is continually increasing. Program and policy implications will place important matters such as, sex education should be introduced at an earlier grade level, small discussion group teaching techniques should be used, parenting techniques should be taught in sex education programs, the funding of preventive an academic driven intervention programs must be increased.
References
Fergusson, D. and Woodward, L. (2000). Teenage Pregnancy and Female Educational Underachievement: A Prospective Study of a New Zealand Birth Cohort. Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 62, No. 1 (Feb., 2000), pp. 147-161. National Council on Family Relations
Hoyt, H. and Broom, B. (2002). School-Based Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs: A Review of the Literature. Journal of School Nursing, v18 n1 p11-17
Kaplan B & Maxwell, J.A (1994): Qualitative Research Methods for Evaluation Computer Information Systems. In Anderson J G, C E Aydin and S J Jay (eds) (1994): Evaluating Health Care Information System: Methods and Applications. Sage. Thousand Oaks, CA, pp 45-68
Marshall & Rossman (1999). Designing Qualitative Research, 3rd Ed.
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