Policy, Planning and Development for Tourism and Hospitality
Case Study in Tourism Management Techniques: The Tourism Optimization Management Model
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this case study report is to identify and recognize one effective tourism management technique, The Tourism Optimization Management Model’ (TOMM), to be specific. The TOMM in certain idealism asserts the process of optimization from such island tourism by means of utilizing innovative tourism development model with discussions pertaining to Kangaroo Island as one ideal example for the tourism technique. This case report will provide detailed encounter of the TOMM as it implies to the functionality of such tourism life cycle that integrates tourism processes to be useful in today’s economy especially applied to Australian context. Discussion and Analysis of TOMM should be found in body of argument within good knowledge composition. There will be also seeking of TOMM explanation as to how can people can understand complex and dynamic tourism system ( 2003; 2005) as well as developing more than just sustainable destination, from within optimized tourism destination that satisfies visitors and local community.
The enhancing of TOMM, in its attractiveness to certain local and global tourism regions It is also important to create sustainable conditions for receiving better TOMM approach as tourism management can be making efforts to develop tourism exchange spaces in which tourists can interact with local residents in addition to seeing sights. The tourism agencies ensuring TOMM specs should devote their energies to the development of tourism infrastructure, preservation of cultural and natural sites and improvement of recreation facilities. The rapid growth of tourism can lead to TOMM that may possibly challenge the effectiveness and efficiency of tourism in planning and managing sustainable tourism development. Effectiveness and efficiency of the model should be applied into the clear mandate from integrating and coordinating tourism policy planning with full range of TOMM applications into actual plan of action.
BODY
Several countries all over consider tourism to be an important vehicle for economic and social development. The tourism industry has the potential to generate foreign exchange earnings, create employment, promote development in various parts of the country, reduce income and employment disparities among regions, strengthen linkages among many sectors of the national economy and help to alleviate poverty. However, the standard views of the tourism industry through T?OMM value does not give a complete picture of the potential contribution that tourism can provide for developing countries. A more complete viewpoint can be provided by the concept of sustainable tourism development, because it can help policy-makers make more effective policies and plans designed to realize the full social and economic potential of the tourism industry ( 2002). Sustainable tourism development is premised on TOMM responsibility of such government function within the tourism sector to ensure that long term economic prosperity and the quality of life of future applications of the model may not be forgotten and not put at risk. In order to sustain tourism, it is necessary for countries to address as such various issues arising from TOMM as well as tourism’s contribution to development in a comprehensive, systematic way. Issues of policy-making, planning, management and the participation of the private sector and other stakeholders must be addressed in terms of opportunities for action and possible constraints that need to be overcome by concerted efforts. (2002)
Approach to Tourism Optimization Management Model
Indeed, “TOMM was developed being a collaborative management and monitoring program, based upon series of indicators, covering the health of the environment, the health of Kangaroo Island community, health of the economy; the number and type of tourists visiting; the type of experience visitors are having and visitor satisfaction levels. Data is now collected in relation to each of these indicators and this information is presented to the stakeholders in a simple way to show whether current practice is viable or not. If evidence suggests that any of the components are not functioning optimally, local management agencies and the TOMM partnership define agency responsibilities and generate ideas about what actions could be implemented to solve identified problems. TOMM is a constantly evolving process, reflecting the maturation of the tourism industry, changes in community views and stakeholder relationships”. ( 1997)
Furthermore, with a fact matter as although the concept of TOMM functions in tourism research, several proponents in their theories and models have to be seen upon forming better tourism paradigm in the present generation as there can be several untouched implications that needs to be considered further for TOMM ways (2005; 2003). Furthermore, certain practical approaches and diverse conceptual models of tourism management may be in demand for such tourism optimization approaches as to be executed. In order to understand sophisticated tourism system, certain systematic and empirical models are ideal for theoretical application respectively. For instance, the study of “Kangaroo Island has focused on benchmarking of the Tourism Optimization Management Model ( 1997) that contains indicators, implication processes and an application to Multi-functional Interactive Process Cycle” ( 2006). There will be means to have in-depth encounter of optimizing tourism destination development in such region linking to the optimization process, the understanding of TOMM as one effective tourism management technique from such situation stance like, those applied for Kangaroo Island.
TOMM ANALYSIS
TOMM as tourism management technique is one good source for better tourism analysis in its ideal aspects and serves as a good support tool for achieving sustainable tourism development from certain perspective as well as expectations as about tourism’s contribution as the TOMM can be involved with tourism from community level to the national level to find the means to work together in more proactive ways that will increase the positive effects and minimize the possible negative effects of tourism development. Thus, certain TOMM development may help provide opportunity to take proactive approaches based on economic participation in which one could contribute to more effective tourism policies and plans. Aside, there increase the opportunities to realize the full social and economic potential of tourism industry at ensuring prosperity and quality of life as well as to preserve natural and cultural heritages for tourists and local people in ways that address effective TOMM outcomes. So, the TOMM focus is on providing precise tourism activities for tourism oriented countries wherein processes are integrated into potential dynamic values.
There maybe useful process of developing tourism optimization management model – TOMM as the using of knowledge gained from the research case study as good ground for building such sustainable tourism. The traditional response to managing tourism growth, impacts and conflict, rests with the rhetoric of finding balance and the practice of trying to control growth, impacts and conflict as optimization can be more honest and realistic approach and that the Tourism Optimization Management Model is of effective approach such as for organizations considering employing TOMM to assist them shift from balance-based approach, to one based on optimization. An optimal condition should relate to the main type of tourism in the given area, to make sure it is relevant, and should also be achievable. The significance of strong TOMM program should be present in every tourism activity as perhaps, one imperative learning was that Tourism authorities have realized that actual outcomes adhere to the critical tourism insights gained through tourism development process such as with links to sustainable tourism ways as there helps in achieving awareness as to how certain tourism activity will amiably shape optimal economic conditions and how to identify tourism management indicators that is found in real paradigm structure of the TOMM. The tools and factors that contribute towards more information and greater knowledge require that tourism foundations have to be addressed accordingly. Moreover, TOMM is being considered by several tourism agencies, such as for example Parks Canada aside Kangaroo Island.
SOME EVIDENCE OF TOMM PROCESS
Example TOMM execution – Case of the Kangaroo Island
Ideally, the Kangaroo Island Tourism in TOMM has been developed on Kangaroo Island to tackle the challenges of balancing development and conservation in the interests of both residents and visitors. TOMM is a unique example of a community-driven visitor management system. It is concerned with the Kangaroo Island environment and sustainable development, but it also looks beyond the environment to consider the status of tourism across many aspects of Island life. At the core of TOMM is a set of practical indicators that monitor the status of tourism on Kangaroo Island. (2002; 1997) Aside, TOMM has been developed and implemented using a partnership model. This has brought community, industry and government agencies together to problem solve and design strategies that work for Kangaroo Island. The impulse to develop TOMM arose due to two key circumstances on the Island in a marked increase in the number of day visitors to the Island coinciding with the commencement of a fast ferry service between mainland South Australia and the Island as well as downturn in agricultural Industry leading to diversification into tourism based industries by many primary producers to support their income base.
TOMM Applications
The entire tourism sector comprises many elements that have some influence on TOMM, which means that the interrelations require even more effort, if that is possible. There should mention the need to move from linear and determinant analyses based on cause-effect to more qualitative, non-linear models based on networks. Both social and natural systems are considered complex and real entities that are closely integrated and function together as nonlinear, evolving socio-ecological systems ( 2004; 2001; 2005), in which tourism systems behave as dynamic, unpredictable and uncertain entities for tourism management (1998; 2003). Thus, people are dealing with better tourism from which issues arise upon comprising direct TOMM elements from wherein tourism activities as well as its resources are manifested (1999) as a means by which dynamics of management relationships are not linear and sustainable change for the destination can ideally influence tourism as accompanied by flexible management of TOMM (, 2002; 2004). This means that the model entail sort of effective change in hospitality business for instance and in better assessment of tourism planning as there requires constant monitoring and social learning ( 2002) that may lead to accumulation of knowledge that enables businesses to adapt sustainable scenario (, 1998). Some authors had begun to analyze the TOMM of tourism management for development of balance tourism for complete aspect of tourism applicability and vigor to the society (2000; 2001; 2002)
Another situation, is implied from proposed management framework for turtle-based tourism in Ningaloo region being based on Tourism Optimization Management Model as made by Consultants (in, 1996) that indicates tourism management model into the Kangaroo Island as the TOMM is one model which specifically developed for sustainable tourism development into natural areas for regional scaling stature. The framework monitors tourism to help making better management decisions. As the TOMM has been developed and implemented wherein the case study can be referred in useful contribution to research practice ( 2005; 2002), the complexity of the model creates large costs and makes implementation difficult. Therefore, the TOMM concept have created openness to sustainable tourism adopting core features of such wildlife tourism as an example as spontaneously applied to the whole tourism industry ( 2003). For one, (2007) asserted the essential concerns relating to tourism policy and planning which gives vivid value to the dissemination of certain theoretical and applied research on tourism development as TOMM then is designed to stimulate ideas, discussion and/or present work in progress as the model scope thus encompasses issues and tourism techniques from tourism creative endeavors of better and useful planning in unifying TOMM ways of solid sustainable ground.
CONCLUSION
Given the importance of TOMM planning and development issues in the tourism and hospitality industry few implications of advances in information technology and the globalization of tourism and hospitality enterprises, as the model can give interim support in bringing together researchers, individuals and tourism management organizations interested in theoretical and the practical aspects of planning and development. Then, describing certain political, socio-cultural and economic context at a regional level or at a large scale is an early step in this framework. Accordingly, deciding how to engage with TOMM ways is central to the activities of such region although different political association may produce variations in how the model are perceived as the nature of tourism policy means that important but held views may not be embraced due to more powerful and influential development such as to maintain status quo for engaging with tourism groups concerning indigenous people to cooperate on policy issues may be based on alignment values and that tourism issues relating to TOMM may amicably govern sustainable potential of Australia’s economic activities as well as tourism programs. Therefore, TOMM application can be targeted at various projects as carried out to meet people’s needs for leisure and to encourage them to go on long holiday travels
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