PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
Purposive sampling and qualitative research is synonymous or interrelated; if you are going to conduct a purposive sampling you may want to identify first your objective of how and why are you doing this sampling so that the target audience can easily be gathered while you are still planning to do the research to qualify a successful research sampling. Plan about your questionnaire, will it be interesting or long winding think about how it should attract attention and how it will not bored them and if they will your sampling may not be successful but you will simply be wasting your opportunity.
Basically this is not just a marketing or advertising practice or program but it can also be associated in the activity of students conducting a purposive sampling and that is how it is related to qualitative research education. Purposive sampling may include any or a combination of the following sampling strategic approach that the student may need to learn to be successful in their project. The examples below are some often used purposive sampling method but there are more methods that you can use depending on students requirement in educational research.
Criterion sampling – May require an audience criteria to be included in the research, for example if they are going to research about the Child labor in Nigeria. They may need to chose only children who already exposed to a child labor case and children who are going to school and have a normal life are all excluded.
Intensity sampling – Is definitely a good purposive sampling method that may include range of severity of topics for example is a child in elementary class statistic of who gets the average grade, who gets the poor grade and who are the honor students in the class or in their school year by level. They may also be ranked according to academic subject or course.
Extreme or Deviant sampling – A learning method that requires an extreme methodology or research and awareness about facts and people, student will learn from unusual interest, example are the most devastating effect of climate change, or the strongest people in the world, the most unusual job in the universe etc.
Typical sampling – This is just an illustration of typical and usual case study or research and nothing unusual. Examples are; Student hobby, Family lifestyle, Best medical practices or a popular sport in a certain country and others.
Maximum variation sampling – This sampling methods requires a purposeful variation of interest and a wide topic and more research method is involved. Example is the people of Antarctica and their living pattern. As you can see from the title alone show the variation and diversity of topics.
Critical case sampling – This kind of sampling requires an evident and expert view of the subject matter and their pertinent data must be the result of experimentation and actual manifestation of the topics involve. Example is what kind of insect can withstand life longer without food, or which animal is stronger.
Disconfirming or negative case sampling – This kind of sampling requires the researcher to extend their research to draw back or re-analyze the subject matter to re invent another theory of research to prove that it may change from its behavior. Most of the time this kind of sampling may come from failure stories to give an opportunity to depend their status. Example is the dowry in India that kills women, or the negative treatment of guardians and parents from their children in New Zealand.
Expert sampling – Much safer than critical sampling this kind of sampling is already proven to research and interview personality who have already marked an existence in their expertise. Therefore they need to find an expert in their field to open new doors of opportunity to the audience who may learn their advice.
Opportunistic sampling – This may be taking an opportunity of unexpected events or people to be interviewed. Or a follow up that is not scheduled and basically taking responsibility to things that are coming their way in a flexible manner.
Convenience sampling – Is basically the easiest way to research and interview. This kind of sampling can save time and money and students can start in modesty. Example; they will interview any ten people on the streets or researcher is allowed to interview any students from Hackle Berry streets.
Chain sampling – This kind of sampling commonly addresses relevant issues that people can identify and refer another qualified people of the same interest; they can give richer information and when they do, the new person can also give more information till it become a chain of information. Example is the people on the mountain can give information about where they live and when they goes there another people will tell their lifestyle and so on.
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