INTRODUCTION
In definition, human embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stage embryos. These cells are unique, as they have the capacity to self-renew indefinitely in culture, while maintaining a normal karyotype, remain pluripotent, thus, having the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types of the three germ layers (Boheler and Wobus, 2006). Human embryonic stem cells are special and unique, as they retain two special characteristics. First, stem cells can give rise to other more specialized cells of the body, such as giving rise to embryonic cells. Second, stem cells are self-renewing, possessing the ability to grow in laboratory culture for long periods without losing their ability to give rise to other types of cells (Bellomo, 2006).
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