Question #1: What are the studies and findings of diet and its effect on cancer?
How diet has been achieved does affect cancer prevalence in the society, as such studies and findings prove such case that diet really has an effect on cancer. Individuals who undergo cancer treatment often experience dietary problems, maintaining adequate nutrition can be challenge for these patients as cancer patients must have a healthy diet to help them maintain their strength and energy to fight their disease. The following examples support the question for one, according to the latest clinical trial results from National Institutes of Health’s Women’s Health Initiative (National Institurte of Health, 2006 from www.nih.gov) asserted that, there were no significant differences in the rates of colorectal cancer, heart disease between group who followed low-fat dietary plan and the comparison group who followed their normal dietary patterns. The study found that following a high-carbohydrate, low-fat eating pattern does not increase body weight, triglycerides or indicators of increased risk of diabetes such as blood glucose or insulin levels in women. Another, study made by Journal of the American Medical Association, investigators agreed, do not justify recommending low-fat diets to the public to reduce their heart disease and cancer risk (National Institurte of Health, 2006 from www.nih.gov). Others cautioned against being too certain that a particular diet would markedly improve health, and said that whether someone developed a chronic disease might not be entirely under their control, genetics also plays a role. The study was part of the Women’s Health Initiative of the National Institutes of Health, the same program that showed that hormone therapy after menopause might have more risks than benefits. Studies of dietary fiber and colon cancer failed to find that fiber was protective, and studies of vitamins thought to protect against cancer failed to show an effect. The study found that women who were randomly assigned to follow a low-fat diet ate significantly less fat over the next eight years. But they had just as much breast and colon cancer and just as much heart disease. The women were not trying to lose weight and their weights remained fairly steady, experiences with the diets allowed researchers to question some popular notions about diet and obesity. (Demark-Wahnefried, 2003, p. 2)
Question #2: How can practitioners help the patient understand that diet can affect cancer? Explain what you would do.
The practitioners can help patients understand that diet can affect cancer by means of behavior therapy and application of better channels of communication, the practitioners can acquire back up support by certain support groups in visualizing reflective points and explain relevance of diet effects in cancer. Implying that health and behavior is of parallel to each other, If I’m the practitioner, I will initiate basic counseling to patients and explain to them with clear examples that diet can affect cancer and they should abide by it. Providing patients one on one interaction, informal interview process about diet and cancer and give them leaflets and information sheets, brochures detailing points of diet and how it leads cancer affecting lives of majority. Also, applying behavior interventions to patients are a must upon recognizing that people live in social systems that shape behaviors and access to the resources they need to maintain good health (Brannon and Feist, 2007 pp. 212-214). As a practitioner, I will link education and counseling as there promote primary prevention measures knowing willingness to self-examine and participate in screening procedures such as for detection and treatment of cancer as effectiveness is improved by the recognition that different patients have different needs (Institute of Medicine, 2001). Some patients respond favorably to printed materials and some to coaching telephone based counseling, but some cannot change health related behavior without one on one structured education and counseling as it support healthcare practitioners in such intervention and strategy the practitioner wishes to use and apply effectively within the healthcare setting, within consultation sessions, there would probably help practitioners to concentrate on particular therapy that can be relevant and helpful to such case situation as deemed possible (Brannon and Feist, 2007 pp. 212-214). Thus, during counseling sessions, it can be that the health care practitioner applies his or her expertise to benefit each recipient, directing them to use information in such way that serves best in everyday life. Then, practitioner’s skills should be supported by theoretical models found with the aspects of such functionality underlying better ways that are working well in informing good health care practice as needed as possible, practitioners would do well to consider personal style in the process of developing integrative approach for allowing patients to understand diet in cancer cases.
Question #3 Describe the characteristics that add or detract from the effectiveness of workplace health programs. Include in the responses the people who benefit from such program.
Characteristics that add or detract from the effectiveness of workplace health programs assumes certain growing evidence suggesting effective programs as oriented towards individual health behaviors in requiring multifaceted approach to helping people adopt to change and maintain ample and healthful behavior ways. Maintaining particular behavior does require different strategies than will establishing that behavior in the first place. Models of behavior change have been developed to guide strategies to promote healthy behaviors and facilitate effective adaptation to and coping with diseases such as cancer. Indeed, well-received workplace health programs are those developed by individuals whom the program is designed to serve. While a broader strategic framework for work health areas must be established at the institutional level, staff members in individual work units need the opportunity for input and involvement and should have good voice in determining the priorities, interests and needs of their team. The people benefiting the health programs are those work employees and staff as well as the executive team and management as some may agree that health execution through programs serves a vital factor at work as supported by effective and comprehensive health care programs, supports workers in enhancing personal wellbeing and making healthy lifestyle choices.
Most people agree that health means more than the mere presence or absence of disease. Workplace health programs can address such issues as safety, fitness, smoking, weight control, reducing organizational stress, or improving work environments and employee skills. Programs should coordinate health promotion and assistance interventions by integrating primary, secondary and tertiary prevention policies and programs. Programs should be designed for all employees, e.g. those with serious health problems, the relatively few who are conspicuously well, and especially for the majority, whose current lifestyle may in some way threaten their wellness (Health Canada, 1998). Responses appropriate to the diverse needs of varied employee populations can be provided by asking employees about their needs and preferences and also through mechanism whereby management. Health promotion programs must be able to adapt to the special features of each workplace as well as to include environmental program responses that will enable employees to take greater responsibility for their health.
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Brannon, L. and Feist, J. (2007), Health Psychology: An Introduction to Behavior and Health, 6th edition, Cengage Learning, May 2006 pp. 2-624
Demark-Wahnefried, W. (2003), Pilot study to explore effects of low-fat, flaxseed-supplemented diet on proliferation of benign prostatic epithelium and prostate-specific antigen, Urology Volume 63 , Issue 5 , Pages 900 – 904
Health Canada. (1998). Influencing employee health. Workplace Health System. Ottawa: Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute.
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE (2001), Health and Behavior: The Interplay of Biological, Behavioral, and Societal Influences Committee on Health and Behavior: Research, Practice and Policy, Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington DC pp.5-16
National Institurte of Health, 2006 from www.nih.gov http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/feb2006/nhlbi-07.htm
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